Allergies
Allergy is the word used to describe an adverse (bad) reaction that the body has to a particular substance in the environment. Most substances that cause allergies are not harmful and have no effect on people who are not allergic.
Any substance that triggers an allergic reaction is called an allergen. Some of the most common allergens include pollen, house dust mites, mould and pets. Less common allergens include nuts, fruit and latex.
An allergy develops when the body's immune system reacts to an allergen as though it is a threat, like an infection. It produces antibodies to fight off the allergen, in a reaction called the immune response.
The next time a person comes into contact with the allergen, the body "remembers" the previous exposure and produces more of the antibodies. This causes the release of chemicals in the body that lead to an allergic reaction.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term condition that can cause a cough, wheezing and breathlessness. The severity of the symptoms varies from person to person. Asthma can be controlled well in most people most of the time.
In the UK, 5.4 million people are currently receiving treatment for asthma. That is 1 in every 12 adults and 1 in every 11 children. Asthma in adults is more common in women than men.
Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways. These are the small tubes, called bronchi, which carry air in and out of the lungs. If you have asthma, the bronchi will be inflamed and more sensitive than normal. When you come into contact with something that irritates your lungs, known as a trigger, your airways become narrow, the muscles around them tighten and there is an increase in the production of sticky mucus (phlegm). This makes it difficult to breathe and causes wheezing and coughing. It may also make your chest feel tight.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Autism / Asperger Syndrome
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of related developmental disorders that begin in childhood and persist throughout adulthood. They include both autism and Asperger syndrome.
ASD can cause a wide range of symptoms, which are grouped into three broad categories:
Problems and difficulties with social interaction, such as a lack of understanding and awareness of other people's emotions and feelings.
Impaired language and communication skills, such as delayed language development and an inability to start conversations or take part in them properly.
Unusual patterns of thought and physical behaviour. This includes making repetitive physical movements, such as hand tapping or twisting. The child develops set routines of behaviour, which can upset the child if the routines are broken.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Anxiety
Anxiety for some people can be a very debilitating symptom, but what has it got to do with your energy?
Firstly, we need to look at what anxiety is. Is it an illness? Is it a symptom? Is it psychological?
Thousands of people are diagnosed with this debilitating illness every year. In fact according to the Mental Health Foundation ‘Mixed anxiety and depression is the most common mental disorder in Britain…as high as 9% of people meeting criteria for diagnosis’. Wow!...read more
Back Pain
Back pain is a common condition that affects most people at some point during their life. Most cases of back pain are associated with pain and stiffness in the lower back.
Back pain is a very common condition and can affect adults of all ages.
It is estimated that one in five people will visit their GP in any given year because of back pain. And 80% of adults will experience at least one episode of back pain at some point in their life.
Chronic back pain is less common than acute back pain, but it is still very widespread. In England, chronic back pain is the second most common cause of long-term disability (after arthritis). After stress, it is the leading cause of long-term work-related absence. A recent study found that one in every 10 people reported having some degree of chronic back pain.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Bruxism
Bruxism is the medical term for the habit of grinding and clenching your teeth.
Most people will do this from time to time, which does not usually cause any harm, but when teeth grinding happens on a regular basis it can permanently damage the teeth. In some people it can also aggravate headaches, earaches and pain and discomfort in the jaw
Bruxism is often classified as either:
- Awake bruxism, which is when you habitually clench your teeth and jaw when awake (but there is not usually any teeth grinding). Most will do this subconsciously while concentrating.
- Sleep bruxism, which is when you subconsciously grind your teeth and squeeze your jaw muscles in your sleep. Partners may hear the grinding or clenching, which can be noisy.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Chronic Fatigue
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) causes persistent fatigue (exhaustion) that affects everyday life and doesn't go away with sleep or rest. For most people, symptoms will improve over time. CFS is also known as ME, which stands for myalgic encephalomyelitis. Myalgia means muscle pain and encephalomyelitis means inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Around 250,000 people in the UK have CFS.
Anyone can get CFS, although it is more common in women than in men. It usually develops in the early 20s to mid-40s. Children can also be affected, usually between the ages of 13 and 15.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Cystitis
Cystitis means ‘inflammation of the bladder’. It causes:
- an urgent and frequent need to urinate
- pain or stinging when passing urine
Cystitis is usually the result of an infection in the bladder, but it can also be caused by irritation or damage. Cystitis caused by a bladder infection is sometimes known as 'bacterial cystitis'.
Untreated bladder infections can cause kidney infections.
Cystitis in females
Cystitis is more common in women because women have a short urethra (the tube that passes from the bladder out of the body), and its opening is located very close to the anus. This makes it easy for bacteria from the anus to reach the bladder and cause an infection.
Almost all women will have cystitis at least once in their lifetime. Around one in five women who have had cystitis will get it again (recurrent cystitis). Cystitis can occur at any age, but it is more common in:
- pregnant women
- sexually active women
- post-menopausal women (after the menopause)
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Depression
Depression is a serious illness. Health professionals use the words depression, depressive illness or clinical depression to refer to it. It is very different from the common experience of feeling unhappy, miserable or fed up for a short period of time. When you are depressed, you may have feelings of extreme sadness that can last for a long time. These feelings are severe enough to interfere with your daily life, and can last for weeks or months, rather than days. Depression is quite common and about one in ten people will experience depression at some point. Women are more likely to have depression than men. Depression affects people in many ways and can cause a wide variety of physical, psychological (mental) and social symptoms. A few people still think that depression is not a real illness and that it is a form of weakness or admission of failure. This is simply not true. Depression is a real illness with real effects, and it is certainly not a sign of failure.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Dizziness
Dizziness is a common symptom that's not usually a sign of anything serious, but should be checked out by a doctor.
The term 'dizziness' means different things to different people: some use it to describe feeling light-headed or off balance, while others use it to describe a feeling that their surroundings are spinning.
The most common causes of dizziness are outlined below:
- A viral illness that affects the ear - this can cause a severe form of dizziness called vertigo
- Migraine (dizziness may come on before or after the headache)
- Stress or anxiety, especially if you tend to hyperventilate (over-breathe)
- A low blood sugar level, which is usually seen in people with diabetes
- A sudden fall in blood pressure when you suddenly sit or stand up, which goes away after lying down – this is know as postural hypo tension and is more common in older people
- Decreased blood flow in the back of the brain, called vertebrobasilar insufficiency – the blood vessels leading to the brain from the heart may be blocked (known as atherosclerosis)
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a common type of learning difficulty that primarily affects the skills involved in the reading and spelling of words.
Dyslexia should be recognised as a spectrum disorder, with symptoms ranging from very mild to very severe. In particular, people with dyslexia have difficulties with:
- phonological awareness
- verbal memory
- verbal processing speed
Even though dyslexia is classed as a learning difficulty, there is no connection between dyslexia and a child’s intelligence. Children of all intellectual abilities - from low to high intelligence - can be affected by dyslexia.
Similarly, a child’s difficulty with reading and spelling is not determined by their intelligence, but by how severe their dyslexia is. Children with average intelligence and mild dyslexia are likely to be more skilled at reading and writing than children with high intelligence and severe dyslexia.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia, also known as developmental co-ordination disorder, is a disability that affects movement and co-ordination. It is thought to be caused by a disruption in the way messages from the brain are transmitted to the body.
Dyspraxia is characterised by difficulty in planning smooth, co-ordinated movements. This leads to:
- clumsiness
- lack of co-ordination
- problems with language, perception and thought
Symptoms are normally noticeable from an early age (see Dyspraxia in children - symptoms). Dyspraxia used to be known as clumsy child syndrome.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Eating disorders
Eating disorders are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes someone to change their eating habits and behaviour.
A person with an eating disorder may focus excessively on their weight and shape, leading them to make unhealthy choices about food with damaging results to their health.
Types of eating disorders
Eating disorders include a range of conditions that can affect someone physically, psychologically (mentally) and socially (their ability to interact with others). The most common eating disorders are:
- anorexia nervosa, when someone tries to keep their weight as low as possible, for example by starving themselves or exercising excessively
- bulimia, when someone tries to control their weight by binge eating and then deliberately being sick or using laxatives (medication to help empty their bowels)
- binge eating, when someone feels compelled to overeat.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Electro Hypersensetivity
Electrical Hypersensitivity is an illness that is both highly controversial and little understood. The symptoms can vary a lot between sufferers, but will normally include some of the following: sleep disturbance, tiredness, depression, headaches, restlessness, irritability, concentration problems, forgetfulness, learning difficulties, frequent infections, blood pressure changes, limb and joint pains, numbness or tingling sensations, tinnitus, hearing loss, impaired balance, giddiness and eye problems. There have been reports of cardiovascular problems such as tachycardia, though these are relatively rare.
Many of the symptoms reported have a lot in common with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), and it is quite common for someone who suffers from one condition to suffer from the other. It seems quite sensible to theorise that both syndromes therefore may affect particularly susceptible members of the population. It may also be that there is a 'synergistic' effect; i.e. people develop symptoms in the presence of both (or multiple) environmental exposures, whereas only one such exposure would not provoke the symptoms.
Information from http://www.powerwatch.org.uk
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a common condition in which small pieces of the womb lining (the endometrium) are found outside the womb. This could be in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder, bowel, vagina or rectum.
Endometriosis commonly causes pain in the lower abdomen (tummy), pelvis or lower back. It may also lead to fertility problems. The endometriosis cells behave in the same way as those that line the womb, so every month they grow during the menstrual cycle and are shed as a bleed. Normally before a period, the endometrium thickens to receive a fertilised egg in response to a release of the hormone oestrogen. When pregnancy does not happen, the lining breaks down and leaves the body as menstrual blood (a period).
Endometriosis tissue anywhere in the body will go through the same process of thickening and shedding, but it has no way of leaving the body and is trapped. This leads to pain, swelling and sometimes damage to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, causing fertility problems.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Food Intolerances
An allergy produces specific symptoms, such as swelling of the lips, which usually develops within minutes of eating the food, while an intolerance produces more general symptoms, such as indigestion and bloating, that can develop several hours after eating.
A food allergy is when the immune system generates an adverse reaction to specific proteins found in food.
Symptoms of a food allergy can range from moderate, such as tingling in the mouth and a skin rash, to life threatening, such as a severe swelling of the throat that makes it difficult to breathe. A life-threatening allergic reaction is known as anaphylaxis.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Headaches
More than 10 million people in the UK get headaches, making them one of the most common health complaints.
Tension headaches are the most common, and what we think of as normal everyday headaches. They feel like a dull ache with constant pressure around the front, top and sides of the head as if a rubber band has been stretched around it.
Stress is one cause, but there are lots of others, including drinking too much alcohol, not getting enough sleep, depression, skipping meals and becoming dehydrated.
Migraines are less common. If a headache is recurrent and disabling to the point of stopping you from carrying on with daily life, it may be a migraine. Hormones often cause headaches in women, and many women notice a link with their periods.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity is not a disease, nor an
illness. It is a measurement on your body’s sensitivity scale that is in the
category of undesirable reactions in your body and mind. Your current
sensitivity is based on how your body is currently wired i.e. life experiences
to date, in combination with your current reaction to external stimuli. However
when you are in the hypersensitivity range on the scale, your body, mind and
energy system cannot function effectively as your system is out of synch, and
therefore more vulnerable to being affected or influenced by outside stimuli.
Information provided by BTRF.
Hyperthyroidism
Overactive thyroid, also known as hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, is a condition that occurs when there is too much thyroid hormone in the body. The condition is more common in women than men.
The role of the thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is found in the neck. It produces hormones that are released into the bloodstream to control the body's growth and metabolism. These hormones are called thyroxine and triiodothyronine. They affect processes such as heart rate and body temperature, and help convert food into energy to keep the body going.
Normally, the levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood are carefully controlled so that these processes happen at a stable rate.
However, in hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces an excess amount of thyroxine or triiodothyronine, which speeds up the body's metabolism. This causes symptoms such as:
- hyperactivity
- an increased appetite
- sudden weight loss or gain
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Hypothyroidism
An underactive thyroid means your thyroid gland, located in the neck, does not produce enough hormones.
Common signs of an underactive thyroid are tiredness, weight gain and feeling depressed.
Medically known as hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid is not usually serious. It is easily treated by taking hormone tablets to replace the hormones that your thyroid isn't making.
The thyroid produces a hormone called thyroxine, which controls how much energy your body uses. When the thyroid does not produce enough thyroxine, many of the body's functions slow down.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
IBS (irritable bowel syndrome)
IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) is a common condition of the digestive system and can cause bouts of stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation.
IBS isn't a dangerous condition. There's no obvious abnormality of the bowel, and, although it can feel uncomfortable, the condition poses no serious threat to your health. For example, it won't increase your chances of developing cancer or other bowel conditions. The precise cause of IBS is unclear, but it may be triggered by stress, problems with your immune system or a problem with how the muscles of your gut squeeze food through your bowel. They're not usually continuous, but tend to come and go in bouts, often during times of stress or after eating certain foods [food intolerances/sensitivities]. The symptoms can vary from one person to another and be worse in some people than others. But most people experience either diarrhoea or constipation or bouts of both, and sometimes notice mucus in their stools. It's also common to find that painful cramps ease after you've been to the toilet to open your bowels.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Insomnia
Insomnia is difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep for long enough to feel refreshed the next morning. This happens despite having enough opportunity to sleep.
Nearly everyone has problems sleeping at some point in their life, and it is thought that a third of people in the UK have bouts of insomnia. Insomnia appears to be more common in women and more likely to occur with age.
The most common problem in young people with insomnia is difficulty falling asleep (sleep-onset insomnia). An insomniac may also experience:
- Waking in the night (most common in older people)
- Not feeling refreshed after sleep and not being able to function normally during the day
- Feeling irritable and tired and finding it difficult to concentrate
- Waking when they have been disturbed from sleep by pain or noise
- Waking early in the morning
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Motor neurone disease
Motor neurone disease is a rare condition that progressively damages the nervous system, causing the muscles to waste away.
Motor neurone disease occurs when specialist nerve cells, called motor neurones, stop working properly. Motor neurones control important muscle activity such as:
- walking
- speaking
- breathing
- swallowing
As the condition progresses, people with motor neurone disease will find these activities increasingly difficult, and eventually impossible, to do.
Exactly what causes the motor neurones to stop working properly is unclear, but several theories have been suggested.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological condition in young adults in the UK, affecting around 100,000 people.
There are three main types of MS:
- relapsing remitting MS
- secondary progressive MS
- primary progressive MS
MS is a condition of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The central nervous system controls the body's actions and activities, such as movement and balance.
Each nerve fibre in the central nervous system is surrounded by a substance called myelin. Myelin helps messages from the brain to travel quickly and smoothly to the rest of the body. In MS, the myelin becomes damaged. This disrupts the transfer of these messages.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Parkinsons Disease
Parkinson's disease is a long-term (chronic) neurological condition that affects around 120,000 people in the UK. It is named after Dr James Parkinson, who first identified it in 1817. Parkinson's disease affects the way the brain co-ordinates body movements, including walking, talking and writing.
Parkinson's disease affects men and women, although men are statistically slightly more likely to develop it than women.
The risk of getting Parkinson's disease increases with age. Symptoms usually appear in people who are over the age of 50. However, younger people can also be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
PMS
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the name given to the physical, psychological and behavioural symptoms that can occur in the two weeks before a woman's monthly period. It is also known as premenstrual tension (PMT).
There are many different symptoms of PMS, but typical examples are fluid retention, breast tenderness, mood swings, feeling irritable, and loss of interest in sex (see Symptoms of PMS for more information).
These symptoms usually improve when the woman's period starts, and they disappear a few days afterwards.
A small number of women find that their symptoms are severe enough to stop them living their normal lives. This is due to a more intense type of PMS known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
RSI
Repetitive strain injury (RSI), is a general term used to describe the pain caused to muscles, nerves and tendons by repetitive movement and overuse. The condition mostly affects parts of the upper body, such as the forearm, elbow, wrist, hands, neck and shoulders.
RSI is usually associated with doing a particular activity repeatedly or for a long period of time.
In the UK one worker in 50 has reported an RSI condition
.
There are two types of RSI:
Type 1 RSI: RSI is classed as type 1 when a doctor can diagnose a recognised medical condition, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms usually include swelling and inflammation of the muscles or tendons.
Type 2 RSI: RSI is classed as type 2 when a doctor cannot diagnose a medical condition from the symptoms. This is usually because there are no obvious symptoms, just a feeling of pain. Type 2 RSI is also referred to as non-specific pain syndrome.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Sciatica
Sciatica is the name given to any sort of pain that is caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve.
The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in your body. It runs from the back of your pelvis, through your buttocks, and all the way down both legs, ending at your feet.
When something compresses or irritates the sciatic nerve, it can cause a pain that radiates out from your lower back and travels down your leg to your calf Sciatic pain can range from being mild to very painful.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Shoulder Pain
Shoulder pain is a symptom rather than a condition in itself. Shoulder disorders are the most common causes of shoulder pain.
Shoulder disorders
Examples of shoulder disorders include:
- Frozen shoulder – a painful condition that reduces normal movement in the joint and can sometimes prevent movement in the shoulder altogether
- Rotator cuff disorders – the rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint and help to keep it stable
- Shoulder instability – where the shoulder is unstable and has an unusually large range of movement (hyper mobility)
- Acromioclavicular joint disorders – conditions that affect the acromioclavicular joint, which is the joint at the top of the shoulder
Shoulder pain can be a long-term problem. Up to half of people still have symptoms after 18 months. It is therefore important to obtain the correct diagnosis so that you can receive effective treatment for your symptoms.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Stroke
A stroke is a serious medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off.
Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain damage and possibly death.
Strokes are a medical emergency and prompt treatment is essential because the sooner a person receives treatment for a stroke, the less damage is likely to happen.
There are two main causes of strokes:
Ischaemic (accounting for over 80% of all cases): the blood supply is stopped due to a blood clot
Haemorrhagic: a weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts and causes brain damage
There is also a related condition known as a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), where the supply of blood to the brain is temporarily interrupted, causing a 'mini-stroke'. TIAs should be treated seriously as they are often a warning sign that a stroke is coming.
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the medical name for the perception of noise in one ear, both ears or in the head. The noise comes from inside the body rather than an outside source.
People with tinnitus can experience different types of sounds. Most people describe it as a ringing sound, but other sounds may include:
- Buzzing
- Humming
- Whistling
- Music
Tinnitus is often worse at quiet times, such as when you are trying to get to sleep. This is because there is less background noise to distract you from the sounds of tinnitus. The symptom may also be more noticeable when you are tired.
Tinnitus is a common condition. A 2007 study carried out by Action on Hearing Loss found that one in seven people in the UK have experienced tinnitus. Long-term tinnitus is much less common, affecting about one in 100 people
Information provided by http://www.nhs.uk.
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